Limits of intravascular contrast extravasation on computed tomography scan to define the need for pelvic angioembolization in pelvic blunt trauma: a specific assessment on the risk of false-positives

BACKROUND The objective was to assess the predictive performance of different intravascular contrast extravasation (ICE) characteristics for need for pelvic transarterial embolization (TAE) to determine the risk factors of false-positives. METHODS A retrospective study was performed in our trauma center between 2010 and 2015. All severe trauma patients with pelvic fracture were included. Pelvic ICE characteristics on computed tomography (CT) scan were studied: arterial (aS2ICE), portal surface (pS2ICE), and extension (exS2ICE) anatomic relationships. The overall predictive performance of ICE surfaces for pelvic TAE was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves. The analysis focused on risk factors for false-positives. RESULTS Among 311 severe trauma patients with pelvic ring fracture (mean age, 42 ± 19 years, mean Injury Severity Score, 27 ± 19), 94 (30%) had at least one pelvic ICE on the initial CT scan. Patients requiring pelvic TAE had significantly larger aS2ICE and pS2ICE than others (P=0.001 and P=0.035, respectively). The overall ability of ICE surfaces to predict pelvic TAE was modest (aS2ICE AUC, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.64–0.90]; P=0.011) or non-significant (pS2ICE and exS2ICE). The high-sensitivity threshold was defined as aS2ICE ≥20 mm2. Using this threshold, 76% of patients were false-positives. Risk factors for false-positives were: admission systolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (63% versus 20%; P=0.03) and low transfusion needs (63% versus 10%; P=0.009), extravasation in contact with complex bone fracture (78% versus 30%; P=0.008) or the absence of a direct relationship between extravasation and a large retroperitoneal hematoma (100% versus 38%; P

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