Compliance With the National SEP-1 Quality Measure and Association With Sepsis Outcomes: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

Objectives: Many septic patients receive care that fails the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ SEP-1 measure, but it is unclear whether this reflects meaningful lapses in care, differences in clinical characteristics, or excessive rigidity of the “all-or-nothing” measure. We compared outcomes in cases that passed versus failed SEP-1 during the first 2 years after the measure was implemented. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Seven U.S. hospitals. Patients: Adult patients included in SEP-1 reporting between October 2015 and September 2017. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Of 851 sepsis cases in the cohort, 281 (33%) passed SEP-1 and 570 (67%) failed. SEP-1 failures had higher rates of septic shock (20% vs 9%; p

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