The IOs have it: a prospective observational study of vascular access success rates in patients in extremis using video review

Background Quick and successful vascular access in injured patients arriving in extremis is crucial to enable early resuscitation and rapid OR transport for definitive repair. We hypothesized that intraosseous (IO) access would be faster and have higher success rates than peripheral IVs (PIVs) or central venous catheters (CVCs). Methods High-definition video recordings of resuscitations for all patients undergoing Emergency Department Thoracotomy (EDT) from 4/2016-7/2017 were reviewed as part of a quality improvement initiative. Demographics, mechanism of injury, access type, access location, start and stop time, and success of each vascular access attempt were recorded. Times to completion for access types (PIV, IO, CVC) were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test adjusted for multiple comparisons while categorical outcomes such as success rates by access type were compared using chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test. Results Study patients had a median age of 30 (IQR 25-38), were 92% male, 92% African American, and 93% sustained penetrating trauma. A total of 145 access attempts in 38 patients occurred (median 3.8 (SD 1.4) attempts per patient). There was no difference between duration of PIV and IO attempts (0.63 IQR 0.35-0.96 vs. 0.39 IQR 0.13-0.65 minutes, adjusted p = 0.03), but both PIV and IO were faster than CVC attempts (3.2 IQR 1.72 – 5.23 minutes, adjusted p

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