Aortic rupture of acute aortic dissection type treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR)

OBJECTIVE: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is one of the most frequent aortic emergencies, which occurs to the vascular specialist. Endovascular reconstruction of the true lumen using minimally invasive stent grafting or stenting has become increasingly popular and widespread among institutions. The aim of this paper is to report a case series composed by twenty-eight patients, who underwent endovascular intervention for acute type B aortic dissections complicated by rupture using thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with type B-AAD were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit and initially managed with a standing protocol for medical management of AD and observed for evidence of visceral or extremity malperfusion.

RESULTS: No major complications or adverse reactions occurred during the immediate postoperative period. Two patients died in the first three months of the study; both developed a cerebral ischemia. Three patients were lost at follow-up, the remaining twenty-three had a mean follow-up of 41.12±3.55 months (range: 36-58). CT scans were routinely performed at 3 months, 6 months, and yearly after the intervention for all patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair is developing as a strong alternative to surgery and may eventually evolve as a superior method for definitive treatment for patients with appropriate indications, such as complicated dissections. AD rupture may be more common in arch stent-graft patients with an ascending aortic diameter >4 cm and with a multi-stents placement.

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