RGS12 represses oral squamous cell carcinoma by driving M1 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via controlling ciliary MYCBP2/KIF2A signaling

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader RGS12 represses oral squamous cell carcinoma by driving M1 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via controlling ciliary MYCBP2/KIF2A signaling via International Journal of Oral Science - Issue International Journal of Oral Science, Published online: 16 February 2023; doi:10.1038/s41368-023-00216-5 RGS12 represses oral squamous cell carcinoma by driving M1 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via controlling ciliary MYCBP2/KIF2A signaling View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Specific mechanisms of translation initiation in higher eukaryotes: the eIF4G2 story [REVIEW]

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Specific mechanisms of translation initiation in higher eukaryotes: the eIF4G2 story [REVIEW] via RNA current issue The eukaryotic initiation factor 4G2 (eIF4G2, DAP5, Nat1, p97) was discovered in 1997. Over the past two decades, dozens of papers have presented contradictory data on eIF4G2 function. Since its identification, eIF4G2 has been assumed to participate in noncanonical translation initiation mechanisms, but recent results indicate that it can be involved in scanning as well. In particular, eIF4G2 provides leaky scanning through some upstream open reading frames (uORFs), which are typical for long 5' UTRs of mRNAs from higher eukaryotes. It is likely the protein can also help the ribosome overcome other impediments during scanning of the 5' UTRs of animal mRNAs. This may explain the need for eIF4G2 in higher eukaryotes, as many mRNAs that encode regulatory proteins have rather long and highly structured 5' UTRs. Additionally, they often bind to various proteins, which also hamper the movement of scanning ribosomes. This review discusses the suggested mechanisms of eIF4G2 action, denote s obscure or inconsistent results, and proposes ways to uncover other fundamental mechanisms in which this important protein factor may be involved in higher eukaryotes. View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Surface Electromyography-Based Analysis of the Lower Limb Muscle Network and Muscle Synergies at Various Gait Speeds

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Surface Electromyography-Based Analysis of the Lower Limb Muscle Network and Muscle Synergies at Various Gait Speeds via Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions on - new TOC Gait movement is an important activity in daily human life. The coordination of gait movement is directly affected by the cooperation and functional connectivity between muscles. However, the mechanisms of muscle operation at different gait speeds remain unclear. Therefore, this study addressed the gait speed effect on the changes in co operative modules and functional connectivity between muscles. To this end, surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were collected from eight key lower extremity muscles of twelve healthy subjects walking on a treadmill at high, middle, and low motion speeds. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NNMF) was applied to the sEMG envelope and intermuscular coherence matrix, yielding five muscle synergies. Muscle functional networks were constructed by decomposing the intermuscular coherence matrix, revealing different layers of functional muscle networks across frequencies. In addition, the coupling strength between cooperative muscles grew with gait speed. Different coordination patterns among muscles with changes in gait speed related to the neuromuscular system regulation were identified. View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Fasting Plasma Glucose Increase and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Risk Predictors of Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Fasting Plasma Glucose Increase and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Risk Predictors of Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes DOI: 10.1055/a-2009-6937 Aim of the study To evaluate fasting plasma glucose (FPG) increase and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as risk predictors of severe clinical outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalised patients. Patients and methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients hospitalised between March 2020 and February 2021 were studied retrospectively. The NLR ratio at admission and FPG increase (day 7, day with maximal FPG) were evaluated in association with the clinical progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Three hundred patients (165 men, 135 women) were included in the study. The mean age was 67.17±8.65 years. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia was diagnosed in 170 patients (56.7%). Fifty-four patients (18%) were intubated and 49 (16.3%) died. Greater increase in FPG (79.5 vs. 44.5 mg/dL for day 1–7, p<0.001; and 113.5 vs. 75 mg/dL for day 1-day with maximum glucose value, p<0.001) and higher NLR at admission (10.65 vs. 6.85) were seen in patients with need of high-flow oxygen compared to those without need, and they were associated with a higher probability of intubation and death. Conclusion FPG increase and NLR could be significant risk predictors of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in T2DM hospitalised patients. [...] Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Elderly Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Elderly Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss via Otology & Neurotology Current Issue Background The cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is uncertain in a significant number of patients. A vascular etiology has been proposed because SSNHL increases the risk of developing a stroke. Cardiovascular risk factors can cause cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The presence of CSVD in turn raises the risk of stroke. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the presence of CSVD and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly patients with idiopathic SSNHL (iSSNHL) to a control cohort. Method Patients with iSSNHL of 50 years and older were compared with a control cohort with patients suspected of trigeminal neuralgia or vestibular paroxysmia. The primary outcome was the difference in the number of white matter hyperintensities using the ordinal Fazekas scale. Secondary outcomes were the presence of brain infarctions on MRI and the difference in cardiovascular risk factors. Results In the SSNHL cohort, Fazekas score 2 was most frequently seen compared with Fazekas 1 in the control cohort. The distribution of Fazekas scores did not differ significantly. The sum of the Fazekas scores were 13,925 and 14,042 for iSSNHL and controls, respectively (p = 0.908). Brain infarctions were seen in 8 patients with iSSNHL (n = 118) and in 13 patients in the control cohort (n = 118) (p = 0.361). None of the cardiovascular risk factors were more frequently seen in the iSSNHL cohort. Conclusion Patients with iSSNHL did not exhibit more CSVD on MRI than controls. This result is in contrast with previous literature demonstrating a higher risk of stroke in patients with iSSNHL than in controls. A prospective analysis with a larger study population is therefore warranted. View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Virtual Biopsy of Common Solid Renal Masses—A Pictorial Review

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Magnetic Resonance Imaging Virtual Biopsy of Common Solid Renal Masses—A Pictorial Review via Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography - Published Ahead-of-Print The expanded application of radiologic imaging resulted in an increased incidence of renal masses in the recent decade. Clinically, it is difficult to determine the malignant potential of the renal masses, thus resulting in complex management. Image-guided biopsies are the ongoing standard of care to identify molecular variance but are limited by tumor accessibility and heterogeneity. With the evolving importance of individualized cancer therapi es, radiomics has displayed promising results in the identification of tumoral mutation status on routine imaging. This article discusses how magnetic resonance imaging features can guide a radiologist toward identifying renal mass characteristics. View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Esophageal Glomus Tumors: Rare Neoplasms with Aggressive Clinical Behavior

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Esophageal Glomus Tumors: Rare Neoplasms with Aggressive Clinical Behavior via Histopathology Aims Glomus tumors are neoplasms with perivascular smooth muscle differentiation, which rarely occur in the esophagus and may behave aggressively in this site based upon prior case reports. This study describes the clinicopathologic features of 3 esophageal glomus tumors diagnosed at 2 large academic institutions between 1984 and 2022. Methods and Results Three cases of esophageal glomus tumors were identified. Patients included 2 females and 1 male, with an age range of 19-65 years. All 3 tumors behaved in a malignant fashion, with metastases to various sites (lymph nodes, lung, pericardium, pleura, diaphragm, scalp). One patient developed an aorto-esophageal fistula, resulting in a fatal hemorrhage. Tumors ranged in size from 4.5 to 8.1 cm. Histologically, all tumors had a multinodular, perivascular growth pattern. The neoplasms showed varying degrees of cytologic atypia and spindling, elevated mitotic activity (2-12 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields), and necrosis was seen in in 2 cases. All tumors expressed smooth muscle actin by immunohistochemistry, and harbored NOTCH gene alterations (MIR143::NOTCH2 fusion in 2 cases; NOTCH3 rearrangement and NOTCH1 point mutation in 1 case). An ATRX splicing mutation in exon 10 was also identified in 1 case. Conclusions Esophageal glomus tumors pose diagnostic challenges given their rarity at this site but can be recognized by their characteristic perivascular growth pattern, round central nuclei, and supportive ancillary studies. Given the propensity for aggressive behavior in this location, we recommend management by a multidisciplinary sarcoma team for optimal outcome. View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.